Transverse aortic constriction (TAC)
TAC Study Protocol
Mice were subjected to TAC or SHAM surgeries, and next day echocardiography was performed on all the mice. At the end of the experiment, echocardiography was repeated. Then a pressure-volume catheter was inserted into the left ventricle to measure cardiac hemodynamic.
Decreased Flow Rate of Left Carotid Artery
Echo Doppler was used to measure the flow rates of the right (upper) and left (lower) carotid arteries.
TAC-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
Sham (left) and TAC (right) hearts were examined after three weeks of surgery
Echocardiography
Images were acquired from long-axis view on Sham (upper) and TAC (lower) mice after three weeks of surgery. LV hypertrophy (increased IVS and PW) in TAC mice.
PV Loop Catheter
Left ventricular pressure and volume were recorded via a PV catheter in Sham (upper) and TAC (lower) mice after three weeks of surgery. LV overload (increased ESPVR) and diastolic impairment (increased EDPVR) in TAC mice.
Masson's Trichrome Staining
Cardiac sections were stained by Masson’s trichrome in Sham (upper) and TAC (lower) mice after three weeks of surgery. Increased cardiac fibrosis in TAC mice.
